English Tenses (İngilizce'de Bütün Zamanlar)

Bu başlık altında İngilizce'de yer alan bütün zamanlar (English tenses) ile ilgili diagram ve örnek cümleleri de içeren tablolar bulacaksınız...

Aşağıda yer alan "English Tenses" isimli tabloyu PDF olarak indirmek isterseniz lütfen buraya tıklayınız...

English tenses - Diagram

English Tenses  (All)

Aşağıda yer alan tabloyu PDF olarak indirmek isterseniz lütfen buraya tıklayınız...

Tense	Signal words	Use	Form	Examples affirmative	Examples negative	Examples interrogative
Simple Present or Present Simple	every day sometimes always often usually seldom never first ... then	something happens repeatedly how often something happens one action follows another things in general with the following verbs (to love, to hate, to think, etc.) future meaning: timetables, programmes	infinitive he/she/it + -s	I work.	I don't work.	Do I work?
				He works.	He doesn'twork.	Does hework?
				I go.	I don't go.	Do I go?
				He goes.	He doesn't go.	Does he go?
Present Progressive or Present Continuous	now at the moment Look! Listen!	something is happening at the same time of speaking or around it future meaning: when you have already decided and arranged to do it (a fixed plan, date)	to be (am/are/is) +infinitive + -ing	I'm working.	I'm not working.	Am Iworking?
				He's working.	He isn'tworking.	Is heworking?
				I'm going.	I'm not going.	Am I going?
				He's going.	He isn't going.	Is he going?
Simple Past or Past Simple	last ... ... ago in 1990 yesterday	action finished in the past, mostly connected with an expression of time (no connection to the present)	regular: infinitive + -edirregular: 2nd column of table of irregular verbs	I worked.	I didn't work.	Did I work?
				He worked.	He didn't work.	Did he work?
				I went.	I didn't go.	Did I go?
				He went.	He didn't go.	Did he go?
Past Progressive or Past Continuous	while	an action happened in the middle of another action someone was doing sth. at a certain time (in the past) - you do not know whether it was finished or not	was/were +infinitive + -ing	I was working.	I wasn'tworking.	Was Iworking?
				He wasworking.	He wasn'tworking.	Was heworking?
				I was going.	I wasn't going.	Was I going?
				He was going.	He wasn'tgoing.	Was hegoing?
Simple Present Perfect or Present Perfect	just yet never ever already so far, up to now, since for recently	you say that sth. has happened or is finished in the past and it has a connection to the present action started in the past and continues up to the present	have/has + past participle* *(infinitive + -ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)	I have worked.	I haven'tworked.	Have Iworked?
				He has worked.	He hasn'tworked.	Has heworked?
				I have gone.	I haven't gone.	Have I gone?
				He has gone.	He hasn't gone.	Has he gone?
Present Perfect Progressive or Present Perfect Continuous	all day the whole day how long since for	action began in the past and has just stopped how long the action has been happening emphasis: length of time of an action	have/has +been + infinitive+ -ing	I have beenworking.	I haven't beenworking.	Have I beenworking?
				He has beenworking.	He hasn't beenworking.	Has he beenworking?
				I have beengoing.	I haven't beengoing.	Have I beengoing?
				He has beengoing.	He hasn't beengoing.	Has he beengoing?
Simple Past Perfect or Past Perfect (Simple)	already just never	mostly when two actions in a story are related to each other: the action which had already happened is put into Past Perfect, the other action into Simple Past the past of the Present Perfect	had + past participle* *(infinitive + -ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)	I had worked.	I hadn'tworked.	Had Iworked?
				He had worked.	He hadn'tworked.	Had heworked?
				I had gone.	I hadn't gone.	Had I gone?
				He had gone.	He hadn't gone.	Had he gone?
Past Perfect Progressive or Past Perfect Continuous	how long since for	how long something had been happening before something else happened	had + been +infinitive + ing	I had beenworking.	I hadn't beenworking.	Had I beenworking?
				He had beenworking.	He hadn't beenworking.	Had he beenworking?
				I had beengoing.	I hadn't beengoing.	Had I beengoing?
				He had beengoing.	He hadn't beengoing.	Had he beengoing?
will - future		predictions about the future (you think that sth. will happen) you decide to do sth. spontaneously at the time of speaking, you haven't made a decision before main clause in type I of the if clauses	will + infinitive	I'll work.	I won't work.	Will I work?
				He'll work.	He won't work.	Will hework?
				I'll go.	I won't go.	Will I go?
				He'll go.	He won't go.	Will he go?
going to - future		when you have already decided to do sth. in the future what you think what will happen	be (am/are/is)+ going to +infinitive	I'm going towork.	I'm not going towork.	Am I going towork?
				He's going towork.	He's not going to work.	Is he going towork?
				I'm going to go.	I'm not going togo.	Am I going togo?
				He's going togo.	He's not going to go.	Is he going togo?
Future Progressive or Future Continuous		An action will be in progress at a certain time in the future. This action has begun before the certain time. Something happens because it normally happens.	will + be +infinitive + ing	I'll be working.	I won't beworking.	Will I beworking?
				He'll beworking.	He won't beworking.	Will he beworking?
				I'll be going.	I won't begoing.	Will I begoing?
				He'll be going.	He won't begoing.	Will he begoing?
Simple Future Perfect or Future Perfect Simple		sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the future	will + have +past participle* *(infinitive + -ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)	I'll haveworked.	I won't haveworked.	Will I haveworked?
				He'll haveworked.	He won't haveworked.	Will he haveworked?
				I'll have gone.	I won't havegone.	Will I havegone?
				He'll have gone.	He won't havegone.	Will he havegone?
Future Perfect Progressive or Future Perfect Continuous		sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the future emphasis: length of time of an action	will + have +been + infinitive+ ing	I'll have beenworking.	I won't have been working.	Will I havebeenworking?
				He'll have beenworking.	He won't have been working.	Will he havebeenworking?
				I'll have beengoing.	I won't havebeen going.	Will I havebeenworking?
				He'll have beengoing.	He won't havebeen going.	Will he havebeenworking?
Conditional Simple		sth. that might happen main clause in type II of the Conditional sentences	would +infinitive	I would work.	I wouldn't  work.	Would I  work?
				He would work.	He wouldn'twork.	Would he  work?
				I would go.	I wouldn't go.	Would I go?
				He would go.	He wouldn't  go.	Would he  go?
Conditional Progressive or Conditional Continuous		sth. that might happen emphasis: length of time of an action	would + be +infinitive + ing	I would beworking.	I wouldn't beworking.	Would I beworking?
				He would beworking.	He wouldn't beworking.	Would he beworking?
				I would begoing.	I wouldn't begoing.	Would I begoing?
				He would begoing.	He wouldn't begoing.	Would he begoing?
Conditional Perfect		sth. that might have happened in the past (It's too late now.) main clause in type III of the if clauses	would + have +past participle* *(infinitive + -ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)	I would haveworked.	I wouldn't haveworked.	Would I haveworked?
				He would haveworked.	He wouldn't have worked.	Would hehaveworked?
				I would havegone.	I wouldn't havegone.	Would I havegone?
				He would havegone.	He wouldn't have gone.	Would I havegone?
Conditional Perfect Progressive or Conditional Perfect Continuous		sth. that might have happened in the past (It's too late now.) emphasis: length of time of an action	would + have +been + infinitive+ ing	I would have been working.	I wouldn't have been working.	Would I havebeenworking?
				He would have beengoing.	He wouldn't have beengoing.	Would he  have beenworking?
				I would have been going.	I wouldn't have been going.	Would I havebeen going?
				He would have been going.	He wouldn't have beengoing.	Would he  have beengoing?

English Tenses – Graphic Comparison

Legend

moment in time	action that takes place once, never or several times actions that happen one after another actions that suddenly take place
period of time	action that started before a certain moment and lasts beyond that moment actions taking place at the same time
Result	action taking place before a certain moment in time puts emphasis on the result
Course / Duration	action taking place before a certain moment in time puts emphasis on the course or duration of the action

English Tenses – Examples

	Explanation	Past	Present	Future
		Simple Past	Simple Present	Future I Simple
	action that takes place once, never or several times	He played football every Tuesday.	He plays football every Tuesday.	He will / is going to play football every Tuesday.
	actions that happen one after another	He played football and then he went home.	He plays football and then he goes home.	He will play football and then he will go home.
	state	He loved football.	He loves football.	He will love football.
		Past Progressive	Present Progressive	Future I Progressive
	action going on at that moment	He was playing football.	He is playing football.	He will be playing football.
	actions taking place at the same time	He was playing football and she was watching.	He is playing football and she is watching.	He will be playing football and she will be watching.
		Past Perfect Simple	Present Perfect Simple	Future II Simple
	action taking place before a certain moment in time; emphasises the result	He had won five matches until that day.	He has won five matches so far.	He will have won five matches by then.
		Past Perfect Progressive	Present Perfect Progressive	Future II Progressive
	action taking place before a certain moment in time (and beyond), emphasises the duration	He had been playing football for ten years.	He has been playing football for ten years.	He will have been playing football for ten years.

Table of English Tenses

tense	Affirmative/Negative/Question	Use	Signal Words
Simple Present	A: He speaks. N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak?	action in the present taking place once, never or several times facts actions taking place one after another action set by a timetable or schedule	always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually if sentences type I (If I talk, …)
Present Progressive	A: He is speaking. N: He is not speaking. Q: Is he speaking?	action taking place in the moment of speaking action taking place only for a limited period of time action arranged for the future	at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now
Simple Past	A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak?	action in the past taking place once, never or several times actions taking place one after another action taking place in the middle of another action	yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday if sentence type II (If I talked, …)
Past Progressive	A: He was speaking. N: He was not speaking. Q: Was he speaking?	action going on at a certain time in the past actions taking place at the same time action in the past that is interrupted by another action	when, while, as long as
Present Perfect Simple	A: He has spoken. N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken?	putting emphasis on the result action that is still going on action that stopped recently finished action that has an influence on the present action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking	already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
Present Perfect Progressive	A: He has been speaking. N: He has not been speaking. Q: Has he been speaking?	putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result) action that recently stopped or is still going on finished action that influenced the present	all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week
Past Perfect Simple	A: He had spoken. N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken?	action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)	already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day if sentence type III (If I had talked, …)
Past Perfect Progressive	A: He had been speaking. N: He had not been speaking. Q: Had he been speaking?	action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action	for, since, the whole day, all day
Future I Simple	A: He will speak. N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak?	action in the future that cannot be influenced spontaneous decision assumption with regard to the future	in a year, next …, tomorrow If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her, shewill help you.) assumption: I think, probably, perhaps
Future I Simple (going to)	A: He is going to speak. N: He is not going to speak. Q: Is he going to speak?	decision made for the future conclusion with regard to the future	in one year, next week, tomorrow
Future I Progressive	A: He will be speaking. N: He will not be speaking. Q: Will he be speaking?	action that is going on at a certain time in the future action that is sure to happen in the near future	in one year, next week, tomorrow
Future II Simple	A: He will have spoken. N: He will not have spoken. Q: Will he have spoken?	action that will be finished at a certain time in the future	by Monday, in a week
Future II Progressive	A: He will have been speaking. N: He will not have been speaking. Q: Will he have been speaking?	action taking place before a certain time in the future putting emphasis on the course of an action	for …, the last couple of hours, all day long
Conditional I Simple	A: He would speak. N: He would not speak. Q: Would he speak?	action that might take place	if sentences type II (If I were you, I would go home.)
Conditional I Progressive	A: He would be speaking. N: He would not be speaking. Q: Would he be speaking?	action that might take place putting emphasis on the course / duration of the action
Conditional II Simple	A: He would have spoken. N: He would not have spoken. Q: Would he have spoken?	action that might have taken place in the past	if sentences type III (If I had seen that, I would have helped.)
Conditional II Progressive	A: He would have been speaking. N: He would not have been speaking. Q: Would he have been speaking?	action that might have taken place in the past puts emphasis on the course / duration of the action

Sources:

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de

http://www.ego4u.com